So far, the elusive particles, called extra-heavy
strange baryons, haven't been seen directly, but they are leaving tantalizing
hints of their existence.
These extra-heavy strange baryons may be freezing
out other subatomic particles in a plasma soup of subatomic particles that
mimics conditions in the universe a few moments after the Big
Bang,
nearly 14 billion years ago.
Primordial soup
The particles were created during an experiment
conducted inside the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), an atom smasher at
Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York.
There, scientists created a
soupy concoction of unbound quarks — the subatomic particles that make up
protons and neutrons — and gluons, the tiny particles that bind quarks together
and carry the strong nuclear force.
Physicists think this quark-gluon plasma is
similar to the primordial
soup that
emerged milliseconds after the universe was born.
Using the RHIC, physicists are trying to understand
how quarks and gluons initially came together to form protons, neutrons and
other particles that are categorized as hadrons.
"Baryons, which are hadrons made of three
quarks, make up almost all the matter we see in the universe today," study
co-author and Brookhaven theoretical physicist Swagato Mukherjee, said in a
statement.
Elusive matter
But while ordinary baryons are ubiquitous throughout
the universe, the Standard Model — the physics theory that explains the bizarre
world of subatomic particles — predicts the existence of a separate class of
baryons made up of heavy or ''strange" quarks.
These heavy baryons would
exist only fleetingly, making them hard to spot.
If extra-heavy baryons did exist, they should leave
some trace behind, scientists say.
Enter the RHIC
experiment, which accelerates gold nuclei, or the protons and
neutrons in a gold atom, to nearly the speed of light, and then crashes these
gold ions into one another.
The resulting collisions can raise the temperature
inside the collider to a mind-boggling 7.2 trillion degrees Fahrenheit (4
trillion degrees Celsius), or 250,000 times as hot as the heart of the sun.
The
huge burst of energy released during the collision melts the protons and
neutrons in the nuclei into their smaller components, quarks and gluons.
By combining their measurements with a mathematical
model of quarks and gluons interacting in a 3D lattice, the team was able to
show that extra-heavy strange baryons were the most plausible explanation for
the RHIC's experimental results. Read More:
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