James Riddle "Jimmy" Hoffa (born February
14, 1913; disappeared July 30, 1975, declared
legally dead July 30, 1982) was an American labor
union leader.
Hoffa was closely involved with the International
Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) union, as an organizer,
from 1932 to 1975. By 1952, Hoffa had risen to national vice-president of the
IBT, and served as the union's General President between 1958 and 1971. He
secured the first national agreement for teamsters' rates in 1964, and played a
major role in the growth and development of the union, which eventually became
the largest single union in the United States, with over 1.5 million members at
certain times, during his terms as its leader.
Hoffa became involved with organized
crime from the early years of his Teamsters work, and
this connection continued until his disappearance in 1975. He was convicted of jury
tampering, attempted bribery,
and fraud
in 1964. Hoffa was imprisoned in 1967, and sentenced to 13 years, after exhausting
the appeal process. In mid-1971 he resigned the Teamsters' presidency, an
action that was part of a pardon
agreement with President Richard
Nixon, to facilitate his release later that year.
Nixon
blocked Hoffa from union activities until 1980 (which would have been the end
of his prison term, had he served the full sentence). Hoffa attempted to
overturn this order and to regain support.
Hoffa was last seen in late July 1975, outside the
Machus Red Fox, a suburban Detroit
restaurant. His disappearance gave rise
to many theories as to what happened to him and where his body was hidden.
The story comes just days after the FBI called off a search for Hoffa's body underneath "a concrete slab in a barn in Oakland Township, Mich.," according to the Associated Press.
"We did not uncover any evidence relevant to the investigation on James Hoffa," Robert Foley, head of the FBI in Detroit, said. "I am very confident of our result here after two-days-plus of diligent effort. As of this point, we'll be closing down the excavation operation."
Twenty eight years later, the location of Jimmy
Hoffa’s body still remains an unsolved mystery.
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